Kali Linux

How to Search Files and Folders in Linux Using the find Command

Handling large numbers of files is routine for Linux users, and that’s where the find command shines. It’s a dynamic tool that helps you search for files and directories based on name, type, modification date, size, permissions, and even content. Whether conducting audits, cleaning up old files, or troubleshooting, find ensures you locate exactly what you need, quickly and efficiently.

Command Syntax

find [location] [options] [expression]

location: Starting path for the search (e.g., /home/documents)
options: Filters for file type, name, size, permissions, etc.
expression: The pattern or property to match

Most Useful Options

Option	Purpose	Example
-name	Case-sensitive name search	find ~ -name “notes.txt”
-iname	Case-insensitive name search	find ~ -iname “notes.*”
-type	Restrict search to files (-f) or directories (-d)	find /var/log -type f
-size	Find files by size (e.g., +10M for over 10MB)	find /tmp -size +100M
-mtime	Search by last modified time (in days; -7 for past week)	find . -mtime -7
-perm	Filter by permission bits	find /etc -perm 755
-exec	Run another command on each match	find . -name “*.bak” -exec rm {} ;
-empty	Locate empty files or directories	find ~/backups -empty
-maxdepth	Limit how deep find searches	find . -maxdepth 2 -type d

Practical Examples

1. Search for an Exact File Name

To find a file named budget.xlsx anywhere under /projects:

find /projects -name "budget.xlsx"

2. Search with a Partial Name or Pattern

Need any .pdf file in your Downloads?

find ~/Downloads -name "*.pdf"

3. Case-Insensitive Search

Not sure about the casing? Use -iname:

find /srv -iname "README*"

4. Limit Results by Size

Looking for log files larger than 50MB?

find /var/log -type f -size +50M

5. Search Files Modified in the Last Day

To find documents changed in the last 24 hours:

find ~/work -type f -mtime -1

6. Find and Delete Temporary Files

Remove .cache files under /tmp with a single command:

sudo find /tmp -type f -name "*.cache" -exec rm {} \;

7. List Only Directories

Generate a tree of folders within your Git repository:

find ~/git/myapp -type d

8. Find Empty Folders

Declutter unused empty folders from your Notes project:

find ~/notes -type d -empty

9. Search Files by Permission

Show all files with 600 permissions for security review:

find /etc -type f -perm 600

10. Search and Grep Content

Find all .conf files containing the word “server”:

find /etc -name "*.conf" -exec grep -l "server" {} \;

How find Works

The find command processes each directory and subdirectory from the specified location in real time. Unlike locate, which relies on a database, find actively checks all files right at search time, ensuring results always reflect the current state of your filesystem. You can combine expressions for advanced precision, and even execute actions instantly on found matches, such as copying, deleting, or changing permissions.

Why find Is Essential

With options for filtering by type, name, permissions, modification date, and actions, find is a powerhouse for system maintenance, bulk operations, security checks, and development workflows. Its flexibility saves time and reduces manual effort, making it an indispensable skill for every Linux user.