IoT Implant : Toolkit For Implant Attack Of IoT Devices

IoT Implant Toolkit is a framework of useful tools for malware implantation research of IoT devices. It is a toolkit consisted of essential software tools on firmware modification, serial port debugging, software analysis and stable spy clients.

With an easy-to-use and extensible shell-like environment, IoT-Implant-Toolkit is a one-stop-shop toolkit simplifies complex procedure of IoT malware implantation.

In our research, we have successfully implanted Trojans in eight devices including smart speakers, cameras, driving recorders and mobile translators with IoT-Implant-Toolkit.

Also Read – Unicorn-Bios : Basic BIOS Emulator for Unicorn Engine

How to use?

Installation

Make sure you have git, python3 and setuptools installed.
For audio processing and playing, you should install alsa(built-in in linux), sox and ffplay. On ubuntu18.04:

$ sudo apt install sox ffmpeg

Download source code from our Github:

$ git clone https://github.com/arthastang/IoT-Implant-Toolkit.git

Set up environment and install dependencies:

$ cd IoT-Implant-Toolkit/
$ python3 setup.py install

Run

Run the toolkit:

$ python3 -B IoT-Implant-Toolkit.py
Command:
list – List all tools
run – Run a specific tool
exit – Exit
[Implant-Toolkit]>

Three commands supported：
list: list all plugins
run: run a specific plugin with “run [plugin] [parameters]”
exit: exit

Features

Each software tool acts as a plugin which can be easily added into the framework.

There are more than ten plugins in four categories, including topics on serial port debugging, firmware pack&unpack, software analysis, and implanted spy programs.

List of Plugins

Existing plugins in our framework:

Categories	Tools	Descriptions	Reference
Serial port debugging	pyserial	modem control and terminal emulation program	https://github.com/pyserial/pyserial
Serial port debugging	baudrate.py	find correct baudrate	https://github.com/devttys0/baudrate
Firmware Pack&Unpack	mksquashfs	create and extract Squashfs filesystem	https://github.com/plougher/squashfs-tools
Firmware Pack&Unpack	mkbootimg_tools	Unpack&repack boot.img for Android	https://github.com/xiaolu/mkbootimg_tools
Firmware Pack&Unpack	cramfs	make cramfs filesystem	https://sourceforge.net/projects/cramfs/files/cramfs/1.1/
Firmware Pack&Unpack	mountimg	mount&unmount ext4 filesystems for Android system.img&data.img	On our github
Software Analysis	setools-android	setools for Android with sepolicy-inject	https://github.com/xmikos/setools-android
Software Analysis	crosscomplie	crosscompile toolchain for arm	on our Github later
Software Analysis	odex unpack	Odex to smali for Android	on our Github
Binary implant	spy client&server	a stable spy client and server, source and pre-built bins	on our Github
Binary implant	denoise tool	denoise tool for audio porcess	on our Github

Create new plugins

Code structure:

–IoT-Implant_toolkit.py #Startup script
–outputs/ #Default folder of outputs
–toolkit/
|—core/
|—basic/ #Basic plugin class defination
|—cli/ #Shell-like cli defination
|—toollist/ #Auto updating toollist of plugins
|—plugins/
|—firmware/ #Plugins for firmware modification
|—implant/ #Plugins for generate spy programs
|—serialport/ #Plugins for serial port debugging
|—software/ #Plugins for software analysis especially for Android
|—tools/ #Other tools

Create [newplugin].py in corresponding folder(category) and define init attributes to add a new plugin to IoT-Implant-Toolkit.The framework will detect new plugin automatically when startup.

Other tools

Hardware tools

Essential hardware tools for malware implantation research.See pictures in HardwareTools/ .

Name	Description
Soldering Iron	Solder tools
Solder Wire	Solder tools
Solder Paste	Solder tools
Solder Wick	Solder tools
Hot Air Gun	Solder tools
Reballing Tool	Reballing tool
usb to ttl	Debug / Console cable
Dupont Wire	Electrical wire
EPROM Burner Programmer	Burner Programmer

Other useful software tools

We have not added more plugins due to time limitation.

Chart below are tools not fits our framework, but may be useful.

We hope that IoT-Implant-Tookit will be an essential toolkit in malware implantation.

Categories	Tools	Descriptions	Reference
Firmware Analysis	binwalk	a fast, easy to use tool for analyzing, reverse engineering, and extracting firmware images	https://github.com/ReFirmLabs/binwalk
Firmware Modify	firmware mod kit	a collection of scripts and utilities to extract and rebuild linux based firmware images	https://github.com/rampageX/firmware-mod-kit
Cross Compiler	buildroot	Cross Compiler for arm mips powerpc	https://buildroot.org/