Cotopaxi : Set Of Tools For Security Testing Of Internet Of Things Devices Using Specific Network IoT Protocols

Cotopaxi set of tools for security testing of Internet of Things devices using protocols like: CoAP, DTLS, HTCPCP, mDNS, MQTT, SSDP.

Requirements

Currently Cotopaxi works only with Python 2.7.x, but future versions will work also with Python 3.

If you have previous installation of scapy without scapy-ssl_tls, please remove it or use venv.

Installation of main libraries:

  • scapy-ssl_tls (this will install also scapy in 2.4.2)

pip install git+https://github.com/tintinweb/scapy-ssl_tls@ec5714d560c63ea2e0cce713cec54edc2bfa0833

Common problems:

  • If you encounter error: error: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'LICENSE', try repeating command – surprisingly it works.
  • If you encounter error: NameError: name 'os' is not defined – add missing import os to scapy/layers/ssl_tls.py.

Also Read – Unicorn-Bios : Basic BIOS Emulator for Unicorn Engine

All other required packages can be installed using requirements.txt file:

pip install -r cotopaxi/requirements.txt

Manual installation of other required packages:

pip install dnslib IPy hexdump pyyaml psutil enum34 configparser

Disclaimer

Cotopaxi toolkit is intended to be used only for authorized security testing!

Some tools (especially vulnerability tester and protocol fuzzer) can cause some devices or servers to stop acting in the intended way — for example leading to crash or hang of tested entities or flooding with network traffic another entities.

Make sure you have permission from the owners of tested devices or servers before running these tools!

Make sure you check with your local laws before running these tools!

Tools in this package

  • service_ping
  • server_fingerprinter
  • resource_listing
  • server_fingerprinter
  • protocol_fuzzer (for fuzzing servers)
  • client_proto_fuzzer (for fuzzing clients)
  • vulnerability_tester (for testing servers)
  • client_vuln_tester (for testing clients)
  • amplifier_detector

Protocols supported by different tools:

ToolCoAPDTLSHTCPCPmDNSMQTTSSDP
service_ping☑☑☑☑☑☑
server_fingerprinter☑☑
resource_listing☑☑☑
protocol_fuzzer☑☑☑☑☑☑
client_proto_fuzzer☑☑☑☑☑☑
vulnerability_tester☑☑☑☑☑☑
client_vuln_tester☑☑☑☑☑☑
amplifier_detector☑☑☑☑

cotopaxi.service_ping

Tool for checking availability of network service at given IP and port ranges

usage: sudo python -m cotopaxi.service_ping [-h] [-v] [–protocol {UDP,TCP,CoAP,MQTT,DTLS,ALL}]
[–src-port SRC_PORT]
dest_ip dest_port
positional arguments:
dest_ip destination IP address or multiple IPs separated by
coma (e.g. ‘1.1.1.1,2.2.2.2’) or given by CIDR netmask
(e.g. ‘10.0.0.0/22’) or both
dest_port destination port or multiple ports given by list
separated by coma (e.g. ‘8080,9090’) or port range
(e.g. ‘1000-2000’) or both
optional arguments:
-h, –help show this help message and exit
–retries RETRIES, -R RETRIES
number of retries
–timeout TIMEOUT, -T TIMEOUT
timeout in seconds
–verbose, -V, –debug, -D
Turn on verbose/debug mode (more messages)
–protocol {UDP,TCP,CoAP,mDNS,SSDP,MQTT,DTLS,ALL,HTCPCP}, -P {UDP,TCP,CoAP,mDNS,SSDP,MQTT,DTLS,ALL,HTCPCP}
protocol to be tested (UDP includes CoAP, DTLS, mDNS,
and SSDP, TCP includes CoAP, HTCPCP, and MQTT, ALL
includes all supported protocols)
–src-port SRC_PORT, -SP SRC_PORT
source port (if not specified random port will be
used)

cotopaxi.server_fingerprinter

Tool for software fingerprinting of network servers at given IP and port ranges

Currently supported servers:

  • CoAP:
    • aiocoap,
    • CoAPthon,
    • FreeCoAP,
    • libcoap,
    • MicroCoAP,
    • Mongoose
    • Wakaama (formerly liblwm2m)
  • DTLS:
    • GnuTLS,
    • Goldy,
    • LibreSSL,
    • MatrixSSL,
    • mbed TLS,
    • OpenSSL,
    • TinyDTLS

usage: sudo python -m cotopaxi.server_fingerprinter [-h] [–retries RETRIES] [–timeout TIMEOUT]
[–verbose]
[–protocol {CoAP,DTLS}]
[–src-port SRC_PORT]
dest_ip dest_port
positional arguments:
dest_ip destination IP address or multiple IPs separated by
coma (e.g. ‘1.1.1.1,2.2.2.2’) or given by CIDR netmask
(e.g. ‘10.0.0.0/22’) or both
dest_port destination port or multiple ports given by list
separated by coma (e.g. ‘8080,9090’) or port range
(e.g. ‘1000-2000’) or both
optional arguments:
-h, –help show this help message and exit
–retries RETRIES, -R RETRIES
number of retries
–timeout TIMEOUT, -T TIMEOUT
timeout in seconds
–verbose, -V, –debug, -D
Turn on verbose/debug mode (more messages)
–protocol {CoAP,DTLS}, -P {CoAP,DTLS}
protocol to be tested
–src-port SRC_PORT, -SP SRC_PORT
source port (if not specified random port will be
used)
–ignore-ping-check, -Pn
ignore ping check (treat all ports as alive)

cotopaxi.resource_listing

Tool for checking availability of resource named url on server at given IP and port ranges. Sample URL lists are available in the urls directory

usage: sudo python -m cotopaxi.resource_listing [-h] [-v] [–protocol {CoAP,ALL}]
[–method {GET,POST,PUT,DELETE,ALL}]
[–src-port SRC_PORT]
dest_ip dest_port url_filepath
positional arguments:
dest_ip destination IP address or multiple IPs separated by
coma (e.g. ‘1.1.1.1,2.2.2.2’) or given by CIDR netmask
(e.g. ‘10.0.0.0/22’) or both
dest_port destination port or multiple ports given by list
separated by coma (e.g. ‘8080,9090’) or port range
(e.g. ‘1000-2000’) or both
url_filepath path to file with list of URLs to be tested (each URL
in separated line)
optional arguments:
-h, –help show this help message and exit
–retries RETRIES, -R RETRIES
number of retries
–timeout TIMEOUT, -T TIMEOUT
timeout in seconds
–verbose, -V, –debug, -D
Turn on verbose/debug mode (more messages)
–protocol {CoAP,mDNS,SSDP}, -P {CoAP,mDNS,SSDP}
protocol to be tested
–method {GET,POST,PUT,DELETE,ALL}, -M {GET,POST,PUT,DELETE,ALL}
methods to be tested (ALL includes all supported
methods)
–src-port SRC_PORT, -SP SRC_PORT
source port (if not specified random port will be
used)
–ignore-ping-check, -Pn
ignore ping check (treat all ports as alive)

cotopaxi.protocol_fuzzer

Black-box fuzzer for testing protocol servers

usage: sudo python -m cotopaxi.protocol_fuzzer
[-h] [–retries RETRIES] [–timeout TIMEOUT]
[–verbose] [–protocol {CoAP,mDNS,MQTT,DTLS}]
[–src-ip SRC_IP] [–src-port SRC_PORT]
[–ignore-ping-check] [–corpus-dir CORPUS_DIR]
dest_ip dest_port
positional arguments:
dest_ip destination IP address or multiple IPs separated by
coma (e.g. ‘1.1.1.1,2.2.2.2’) or given by CIDR netmask
(e.g. ‘10.0.0.0/22’) or both
dest_port destination port or multiple ports given by list
separated by coma (e.g. ‘8080,9090’) or port range
(e.g. ‘1000-2000’) or both
optional arguments:
-h, –help show this help message and exit
–retries RETRIES, -R RETRIES
number of retries
–timeout TIMEOUT, -T TIMEOUT
timeout in seconds
–verbose, -V, –debug, -D
Turn on verbose/debug mode (more messages)
–protocol {CoAP,mDNS,MQTT,DTLS,SSDP,HTCPCP}, -P {CoAP,mDNS,MQTT,DTLS,SSDP,HTCPCP}
protocol to be tested
–hide-disclaimer, -HD
hides legal disclaimer (shown before starting
intrusive tools)
–src-ip SRC_IP, -SI SRC_IP
source IP address (return result will not be
received!)
–src-port SRC_PORT, -SP SRC_PORT
source port (if not specified random port will be
used)
–ignore-ping-check, -Pn
ignore ping check (treat all ports as alive)
–corpus-dir CORPUS_DIR, -C CORPUS_DIR
path to directory with fuzzing payloads (corpus) (each
payload in separated file)
–delay-after-crash DELAY_AFTER_CRASH, -DAC DELAY_AFTER_CRASH
number of seconds that fuzzer will wait after crash
for respawning tested server

cotopaxi.client_proto_fuzzer

Black-box fuzzer for testing protocol clients

usage: sudo client_proto_fuzzer.py [-h] [–server-ip SERVER_IP]
[–server-port SERVER_PORT]
[–protocol {CoAP,mDNS,MQTT,DTLS,SSDP,HTCPCP}]
[–verbose] [–corpus-dir CORPUS_DIR]
optional arguments:
-h, –help show this help message and exit
–server-ip SERVER_IP, -SI SERVER_IP
IP address, that will be used to set up tester server
–server-port SERVER_PORT, -SP SERVER_PORT
port that will be used to set up server
–protocol {CoAP,mDNS,MQTT,DTLS,SSDP,HTCPCP}, -P {CoAP,mDNS,MQTT,DTLS,SSDP,HTCPCP}
protocol to be tested
–verbose, -V, –debug, -D
Turn on verbose/debug mode (more messages)
–corpus-dir CORPUS_DIR, -C CORPUS_DIR
path to directory with fuzzing payloads (corpus) (each
payload in separated file)

cotopaxi.vulnerability_tester

Tool for checking vulnerability of network service at given IP and port ranges

usage: sudo python -m cotopaxi.vulnerability_tester [-h] [-v]
[–cve {ALL,CVE-2018-19417,…}]
[–list LIST] [–src-port SRC_PORT]
dest_ip dest_port
positional arguments:
dest_ip destination IP address or multiple IPs separated by
coma (e.g. ‘1.1.1.1,2.2.2.2’) or given by CIDR netmask
(e.g. ‘10.0.0.0/22’) or both
dest_port destination port or multiple ports given by list
separated by coma (e.g. ‘8080,9090’) or port range
(e.g. ‘1000-2000’) or both
optional arguments:
-h, –help show this help message and exit
–retries RETRIES, -R RETRIES
number of retries
–timeout TIMEOUT, -T TIMEOUT
timeout in seconds
–protocol {UDP,TCP,CoAP,mDNS,MQTT,DTLS,ALL}, -P {UDP,TCP,CoAP,mDNS,MQTT,DTLS,ALL}
protocol to be tested (UDP includes CoAP, mDNS and
DTLS, TCP includes CoAP and MQTT, ALL includes all
supported protocols)
–hide-disclaimer, -HD
hides legal disclaimer (shown before starting
intrusive tools)
–verbose, -V, –debug, -D
Turn on verbose/debug mode (more messages)
–cve {ALL,CVE-2018-19417,…}
list of vulnerabilities to be tested (by CVE id)
–vuln {ALL,BOTAN_000,COAPTHON3_000,…}
list of vulnerabilities to be tested (by SOFT_NUM id)
–list, -L display lists of all vulnerabilities supported by this
tool with detailed description
–src-port SRC_PORT, -SP SRC_PORT
source port (if not specified random port will be
used)
–ignore-ping-check, -Pn
ignore ping check (treat all ports as alive)

cotopaxi.client_vuln_tester

Tool for checking vulnerability of network clients connecting to server provided by this tool

usage: sudo client_vuln_tester.py [-h] [–server-ip SERVER_IP]
[–server-port SERVER_PORT]
[–protocol {CoAP,mDNS,MQTT,DTLS,SSDP,HTCPCP}]
[–verbose]
[–vuln {ALL,BOTAN_000,COAPTHON3_000,…} [{ALL,BOTAN_000,COAPTHON3_000,…} …]]
[–cve {ALL,CVE-2017-12087,…} [{ALL,CVE-2017-12087,…} …]]
[–list]
optional arguments:
-h, –help show this help message and exit
–server-ip SERVER_IP, -SI SERVER_IP
IP address, that will be used to set up tester server
–server-port SERVER_PORT, -SP SERVER_PORT
port that will be used to set up server
–protocol {CoAP,mDNS,MQTT,DTLS,SSDP,HTCPCP}, -P {CoAP,mDNS,MQTT,DTLS,SSDP,HTCPCP}
protocol to be tested
–verbose, -V, –debug, -D
Turn on verbose/debug mode (more messages)
–vuln {ALL,BOTAN_000,COAPTHON3_000,…} [{ALL,BOTAN_000,COAPTHON3_000,…} …]
list of vulnerabilities to be tested (by SOFT_NUM id)
–cve {ALL,CVE-2017-12087,CVE-2017-12130,…} [{ALL,CVE-2017-12087,CVE-2017-12130,…} …]
list of vulnerabilities to be tested (by CVE id)
–list, -L display lists of all vulnerabilities supported by this
tool with detailed description

cotopaxi.amplifier_detector

Tool for detection of network devices amplifying reflected traffic by observing size of incoming and outgoing size of packets

usage: sudo python -m cotopaxi.amplifier_detector [-h] [–port PORT] [–nr NR] [–verbose] dest_ip
positional arguments:
dest_ip destination IP address
optional arguments:
-h, –help show this help message and exit
–interval INTERVAL, -I INTERVAL
minimal interval in sec between displayed status
messages (default: 1 sec)
–port PORT, –dest_port PORT, -P PORT
destination port
–nr NR, -N NR number of packets to be sniffed (default: 9999999)
–verbose, -V, –debug, -D
turn on verbose/debug mode (more messages)

Known issues / limitations

There are some known issues or limitations caused by using scapy as network library:

  • testing services running on the same machine can results in issues occurred by not delivering some packets,
  • multiple tools running against the same target can result in interference between them (packets may be indicated as a response to another request).

Unit Tests

To run all unit tests use (from directory upper than cotopaxi dir):

sudo python -m unittest discover

Most of tests are performed against remote tests servers and require preparing test environment, providing settings in tests/test_config.ini and tests/test_servers.yaml.

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R K

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R K
Tags: Cotopaxi
5 years ago

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