Dockerized Android is a container-based framework that allows to execute and Android Emulator inside Docker and control it through a browser. This project has been developed in order to provide a starting point for integrating mobile security components into Cyber Ranges but it can be used for any purpose. Anyway, for development and testing purposes the project suggested is docker-android.

Intro

As stated in the brief description above this project has been created in order to provide a starting point for the introduction of mobile security components into Cyber Ranges. For this reasons the features already developed and the ones that will be added in the feature will help the user to make easier to setup a realistic simulation (for example for security training). This README is quite long, maybe you just wanna skip to the “How to run” part.

Features

The following features are currently available:

  • Run an Android Emulator in Docker
  • Control the device through the web browser
  • Install applications
  • Enable port forwarding
  • Reboot the device
  • Emulate SMS
  • Use the terminal from the web browser
  • Attach also a physical device
  • Customize startup behaviour (see Configuration section)
  • Easily manage multiple instances
Initial setupInstance Manager SetupManual Setup
initial-setupinstance-manager-setupmanual-setup
Toolbox featuresInstance Switch
toolboxinstance-switch

Architecture

The project is composed by three main pieces:

  • Dockerized Android Core
  • Dockerized Android UI
  • Dockerized Android Instance Manager (optional) The following figure provides an overview of the actual architecture of the two mandatory components

Core Component

The Core component is the one that executes all the processes needed to run an Android Com-ponent (Emulated or Real) inside a Docker container, also ex-posing some features to the outside. It is with no doubt the most complex part becauseit has to manage different processes in order to provide a set of features. The above figure shows a clear distinction between long-lived processes,start processes and util scripts. Besides, this figure shows that there are 6 long-lived processes, this is a little inaccuracy added to provide a general overview of the Core component, in reality there are two different flavours of the Core component:

  • Core for Emulator
  • Core for Real Device The main architectural difference is the one regarding the long-lived processess: the Core for Emulator runs the long-lived emulator process while the Core for Real Device runs the long-lived scrcpy process to display and control the physical device. The other parts are quite similar with just some logic to follow a different behaviour based on the type of the Core component.

UI Component

The UI component provides a simple way to use all the features exposed by the backend and also adds the ability to display and control the device. The user has to manually insert the address of the Core component and the corresponding ports (the port exposed by the backend and the port exposed by websockify); through this manual setup it is possible to change the default ports (which are 4242 for the backend and 6080 for websockify).

Instance Manager Component

The Instance Manager component has the job to provide all the informations(i.e., addresses and ports) about the running Cores through a single REST API. This is done by writing a simple JSON configuration file that contains all the information about the Cores that are present into the docker-compose in order to avoid the painful job of manually adding one by one. The structure of the JSON configuration file is the following:

{
“instances”: [
{
“name”: [Generic string to identify the device],
“address”: [Address of the component],
“core_port”: [Port of the backend],
“vnc_port”: [Port of VNC]
}
]
}

List of Docker images

Android VersionAPIImage
5.0.121secsi/dockerized-android-core-emulator-5.0.1
5.1.122secsi/dockerized-android-core-emulator-5.1.1
6.023secsi/dockerized-android-core-emulator-6.0
7.024secsi/dockerized-android-core-emulator-7.0
7.1.125secsi/dockerized-android-core-emulator-7.1.1
8.026secsi/dockerized-android-core-emulator-8.0
8.127secsi/dockerized-android-core-emulator-8.1
9.028secsi/dockerized-android-core-emulator-9.0
10.029secsi/dockerized-android-core-emulator-10.0
11.030secsi/dockerized-android-core-emulator-11.0
––secsi/dockerized-android-core-bare
––secsi/docker-android-core-real-device

The secsi/dockerized-android-core-bare does not download any system image and you may mount the folder on your host machine where you have all the SDK folders

How To Run

In order to see a full example on how to run the platform you may watch the docker-compose available in the root directory. This setup contains two different cores and also the optional Instance Manager component. Once you understood how it works you may change it to satisfy any needs you have.

Prerequisites

Docker and Docker Compose have to be installed on your machine.

OS compatibility

This platform behaves in different ways based on the host OS, here is a table that summarizes the current compatibility:

LinuxWindowsOS X
Core for EmulatorFull compatibilityNot supported (yet)Not supported
Core for Real DeviceFull compatibilityFull compatibilityWorkaround

For Windows and OS X you have to use a Linux VM with nested virtualization.

To check if your Linux machine supports nested virtualization you may run the following commands:

sudo apt install cpu-checker
kvm-ok

OS X Workaround for Real Device

To use the Core for Real Device on OS X you may:

  • Use the adb of the host
  • Use wireless connection

For the wireless connection Google provides a simple tutorial. To connect to the host adb from within the container you have to manually enter inside the container and run:

adb -H host.docker.internal devices

One line command to run

The command to start using the framework with two cores and a instance manager is simply:

docker-compose up

Build

You may also build the images yourself throught the scripts placed in the utils folder

Configuration

You may configure some features to customize the setup through ENV variables, the following table provides a list of all of them:

ComponentENV NameDefault valueDescription
CoreTARGET_PORT6080Websockify port
CoreCUSTOM_APP_DEFAULT_PORT4242Node.js backend port
CoreDEVICEINFOUnset, but behaves like trueEnables/Disables the device info feature
CoreTERMINALUnset, but behaves like trueEnables/Disables the terminal feature
CoreAPKUnset, but behaves like trueEnables/Disables the install APK feature
CoreFORWARDUnset, but behaves like trueEnables/Disables the port forward feature
CoreSMSUnset, but behaves like trueEnables/Disables the SMS emulation feature
CoreREBOOTUnset, but behaves like trueEnables/Disables the reboot feature
CoreINSTALL_ON_STARTUPfalseEnables/Disables the feature that allows to install all the apks placed in the/root/dockerized-android/apk folde
CoreENABLE_UNKNOWN_SOURCESfalseEnables the install from unknown sources
CoreREAL_DEVICE_SERIALunsetIf there is more than one physical device connected this value must be set to the serial of the device that has to be controlled otherwise all the other features won’t work
Instance ManagerDEFAULT_PORT7373Port of the REST API

The REAL_DEVICE_SERIAL variable is fundamental if there is more than one physical device attached because if missing nothing will work. Finally there is a list of exposed ports by each component:

ComponentPort #Description
Core5555ADB port
Core4242Node.js Backend
Core6080Websockify (for noVNC)
UI80Frontend
Instance Manager7373REST API
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