pretender
is a tool developed by RedTeam Pentesting to obtain machine-in-the-middle positions via spoofed local name resolution and DHCPv6 DNS takeover attacks. pretender
primarily targets Windows hosts, as it is intended to be used for relaying attacks but can be deployed on Linux, Windows and all other platforms Go supports. Name resolution queries can be answered with arbitrary IPs for situations where the relaying tool runs on a different host than pretender
. It is designed to work with tools such as Impacket’s ntlmrelayx.py
and krbrelayx that handle the incoming connections for relaying attacks or hash dumping.
Read our blog post for more information about DHCPv6 DNS takeover, local name resolution spoofing and relay attacks.
To get a feel for the situation in the local network, pretender
can be started in --dry
mode where it only logs incoming queries and does not answer any of them:
pretender -i eth0 –dry
pretender -i eth0 –dry –no-ra # without router advertisements
To perform local name resolution spoofing via mDNS, LLMNR and NetBIOS-NS as well as a DHCPv6 DNS takeover with router advertisements, simply run pretender
like this:
pretender -i eth0
You can disable certain attacks with --no-dhcp-dns
(disabled DHCPv6, DNS and router advertisements), --no-lnr
(disabled mDNS, LLMNR and NetBIOS-NS), --no-mdns
, --no-llmnr
, --no-netbios
and --no-ra
.
If ntlmrelayx.py
runs on a different host (say 10.0.0.10
/fe80::5
), run pretender
like this:
pretender -i eth0 -4 10.0.0.10 -6 fe80::5
Pretender can be setup to only respond to queries for certain domains (or all but certain domains) and it can perform the spoofing attacks only for certain hosts (or all but certain hosts). Referencing hosts by hostname relies on the name resolution of the host that runs pretender
. See the following example:
pretender -i eth0 –spoof example.com –dont-spoof-for 10.0.0.3,host1.corp,fe80::f –ignore-nofqdn
For more information, run pretender --help
.
ntlmrelayx.py
with the -6
flag--stop-after
and main.vendorStopAfter
)--no-host-info
or main.vendorNoHostInfo
--interfaces
--no-ipv6-
lnr
/main.vendorNoIPv6LNR
--spoof-for
/--dont-spoof-for
). You can decide what to do with DHCPv6 messages without FQDN option by setting or omitting --ignore-nofqdn
CGO_ENABLED=1
) or a Go implementation (CGO_ENABLED=0
) is used. This can be important for host info collection because the OS resolver may support local name resolution and the Go implementation does not, unless a stub resolver is used.hostinfo/mac-vendors.txt
. Only lines with MAC prefixes in the following format are recognized: FF:FF:FF<tab>VendorID<tab>Vendor
(the MAC prefix length can be arbitrary).--no-lnr
and --spoof-types SOA
to ignore any queries that are unrelated to the attack.krbrelayx.py
runs on a different host than pretender (relay IPv4 address points to different host that runs krbrelayx.py
), the host running krbrelayx.py
will also need to run pretender in order to receive and deny the Dynamic Update query sent to the relay IPv4 address.Pretender can be build as follows:
go build
Pretender can also be compiled with pre-configured settings. For this, the ldflags
have to be modified like this:
-ldflags ‘-X main.vendorInterface=eth1’
For example, Pretender can be built for Windows with a specific default interface, without colored output and with a relay IPv4 address configured:
GOOS=windows go build -trimpath -ldflags ‘-X “main.vendorInterface=Ethernet 2” -X main.vendorNoColor=true -X main.vendorRelayIPv4=10.0.0.10’
Full list of vendoring options (see defaults.go
or pretender --help
for detailed information):
vendorInterface
vendorRelayIPv4
vendorRelayIPv6
vendorSOAHostname
vendorNoDHCPv6DNSTakeover
vendorNoDHCPv6
vendorNoDNS
vendorNoMDNS
vendorNoNetBIOS
vendorNoLLMNR
vendorNoLocalNameResolution
vendorNoRA
vendorNoIPv6LNR
vendorSpoof
vendorDontSpoof
vendorSpoofFor
vendorDontSpoofFor
vendorSpoofTypes
vendorIgnoreDHCPv6NoFQDN
vendorDryMode
vendorTTL
vendorLeaseLifetime
vendorRARouterLifetime
vendorRAPeriod
vendorStopAfter
vendorVerbose
vendorNoColor
vendorNoTimestamps
vendorLogFileName
vendorNoHostInfo
vendorHideIgnored
vendorRedirectStderr
vendorListInterfaces
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