WFH : Windows Feature Hunter 2021

Windows Feature Hunter (WFH) is a proof of concept python script that uses Frida, a dynamic instrumentation toolkit, to assist in potentially identifying common “vulnerabilities” or “features” within Windows executables. WFH currently has the capability to automatically identify potential Dynamic Linked Library (DLL) sideloading and Component Object Model (COM) hijacking opportunities at scale.

DLL sideloading utilizes the Windows side-by-side (WinSXS) assembly to load a malicious DLL from the side-by-side (SXS) listing. COM hijacking allows an adversary to insert malicious code that can be executed in place of legitimate software through hijacking the COM references and relationships. WFH will print the potential vulnerabilities and write a CSV file containing the potential vulnerabilities in the target Windows executables.

Install

pip install -r requirements.txt

Help

PS C:\Tools\WFH > python .\wfh.py -h
usage: wfh.py [-h] -t T [T …] -m {dll,com} [-v] [-timeout TIMEOUT]
Windows Feature Hunter
optional arguments:
-h, –help show this help message and exit
-t T [T …], -targets T [T …]
list of target windows executables
-m {dll,com}, -mode {dll,com}
vulnerabilities to potentially identify
-v, -verbose verbose output from Frida instrumentation
-timeout TIMEOUT timeout value for Frida instrumentation
EXAMPLE USAGE
NOTE: It is recommended to copy target binaries to the same directory as wfh for identifying DLL Sideloading
DLL Sideloading Identification (Single): python wfh.py -t .\mspaint.exe -m dll
DLL Sideloading Identification (Verbose): python wfh.py -t .\mspaint.exe -m dll -v
DLL Sideloading Identification (Timeout 30s): python wfh.py -t .\mspaint.exe -m dll -timeout 30
DLL Sideloading Identification (Wildcard): python wfh.py -t * -m dll
DLL Sideloading Identification (List): python wfh.py -t .\mspaint.exe .\charmap.exe -m dll
COM Hijacking Identification (Single): python wfh.py -t “C:\Program Files\Internet Explorer\iexplore.exe” -m com
COM Hijacking Identification (Verbose): python wfh.py -t “C:\Program Files\Internet Explorer\iexplore.exe” -m com -v
COM Hijacking Identification (Timeout 60s): python wfh.py -t “C:\Program Files\Internet Explorer\iexplore.exe” -m com -timeout 60
COM Hijacking Identification (Wildcard): python wfh.py -t * -m com -v
COM Hijacking Identification (List): python wfh.py -t “C:\Program Files\Internet Explorer\iexplore.exe” “C:\Windows\System32\notepad.exe” -m com -v

Usage

DLL Sideloading Identification

First you need to copy the binaries you want to analyze to the same directory as wfh

PS C:\Tools\WFH > copy C:\Windows\System32\mspaint.exe .
PS C:\Tools\WFH > copy C:\Windows\System32\charmap.exe .
PS C:\Tools\WFH > dir
Directory: C:\Tools\WFH
Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
—- ————- —— —-
d—– 5/14/2021 2:12 PM .vscode
-a—- 5/6/2021 2:39 PM 1928 .gitignore
-a—- 12/7/2019 2:09 AM 198656 charmap.exe
-a—- 5/18/2021 7:39 AM 6603 loadlibrary.js
-a—- 4/7/2021 12:48 PM 988160 mspaint.exe
-a—- 5/18/2021 7:53 AM 8705 README.md
-a—- 5/17/2021 11:27 AM 5948 registry.js
-a—- 5/6/2021 2:41 PM 11 requirements.txt
-a—- 5/18/2021 8:35 AM 10623 wfh.py

Now you can run wfh against the binaries to identify dll sideloading opportunities

PS C:\Tools\WFH > python .\wfh.py -t * -m dll
Running Frida against charmap.exe
[+] Potential DllMain Sideloading: LoadLibraryW,LPCWSTR: MSFTEDIT.DLL
[+] Potential DllMain Sideloading: LoadLibraryExW,LPCWSTR : MSFTEDIT.DLL, dwFlags : NONE
[] Writing raw Frida instrumentation to charmap.exe-raw.log [] Writing Potential DLL Sideloading to charmap.exe-sideload.log
Running Frida against mspaint.exe
[+] Potential DllMain Sideloading: LoadLibraryExW,LPCWSTR : gdiplus.dll, dwFlags : NONE
[-] Potential DllExport Sideloading: GetProcAddress,hModule : C:\WINDOWS\WinSxS\amd64_microsoft.windows.gdiplus_6595b64144ccf1df_1.1.19041.789_none_faf0a7e97612e7bb\gdiplus.dll, LPCSTR: GdiplusStartup
[+] Potential DllMain Sideloading: LoadLibraryW,LPCWSTR: MSFTEDIT.DLL
[+] Potential DllMain Sideloading: LoadLibraryExW,LPCWSTR : MSFTEDIT.DLL, dwFlags : NONE
[] Writing raw Frida instrumentation to mspaint.exe-raw.log [] Writing Potential DLL Sideloading to mspaint.exe-sideload.log
[*] Writing dll results to dll_results.csv
PS C:\Tools\WFH > type .\dll_results.csv
Executable,WinAPI,DLL,EntryPoint / WinAPI Args
charmap.exe,LoadLibraryW,LPCWSTR: MSFTEDIT.DLL
charmap.exe,LoadLibraryExW,LPCWSTR : MSFTEDIT.DLL, dwFlags : NONE
mspaint.exe,LoadLibraryExW,LPCWSTR : gdiplus.dll, dwFlags : NONE
mspaint.exe,GetProcAddress,hModule : C:\WINDOWS\WinSxS\amd64_microsoft.windows.gdiplus_6595b64144ccf1df_1.1.19041.789_none_faf0a7e97612e7bb\gdiplus.dll, LPCSTR: GdiplusStartup
mspaint.exe,LoadLibraryW,LPCWSTR: MSFTEDIT.DLL
mspaint.exe,LoadLibraryExW,LPCWSTR : MSFTEDIT.DLL, dwFlags : NONE

If you prefer more verbose output, you can use “-v” to see every message from Frida instrumenting the Windows API calls. You can also view this output in the raw log file.

PS C:\Tools\WFH > python .\wfh.py -t * -m dll -v
Running Frida against charmap.exe
{‘type’: ‘send’, ‘payload’: ‘LoadLibraryW,LPCWSTR: MSFTEDIT.DLL’}
{‘type’: ‘send’, ‘payload’: ‘LoadLibraryExW,LPCWSTR : MSFTEDIT.DLL, dwFlags : NONE’}
[+] Potential DllMain Sideloading: LoadLibraryW,LPCWSTR: MSFTEDIT.DLL
[+] Potential DllMain Sideloading: LoadLibraryExW,LPCWSTR : MSFTEDIT.DLL, dwFlags : NONE
[] Writing raw Frida instrumentation to charmap.exe-raw.log [] Writing Potential DLL Sideloading to charmap.exe-sideload.log
Running Frida against mspaint.exe
{‘type’: ‘send’, ‘payload’: ‘LoadLibraryExW,LPCWSTR : gdiplus.dll, dwFlags : NONE’}
{‘type’: ‘send’, ‘payload’: ‘GetProcAddress,hModule : C:\WINDOWS\WinSxS\amd64_microsoft.windows.gdiplus_6595b64144ccf1df_1.1.19041.789_none_faf0a7e97612e7bb\gdiplus.dll, LPCSTR: GdiplusStartup’}
{‘type’: ‘send’, ‘payload’: ‘LoadLibraryW,LPCWSTR: MSFTEDIT.DLL’}
{‘type’: ‘send’, ‘payload’: ‘LoadLibraryExW,LPCWSTR : MSFTEDIT.DLL, dwFlags : NONE’}
[+] Potential DllMain Sideloading: LoadLibraryExW,LPCWSTR : gdiplus.dll, dwFlags : NONE
[-] Potential DllExport Sideloading: GetProcAddress,hModule : C:\WINDOWS\WinSxS\amd64_microsoft.windows.gdiplus_6595b64144ccf1df_1.1.19041.789_none_faf0a7e97612e7bb\gdiplus.dll, LPCSTR: GdiplusStartup
[+] Potential DllMain Sideloading: LoadLibraryW,LPCWSTR: MSFTEDIT.DLL
[+] Potential DllMain Sideloading: LoadLibraryExW,LPCWSTR : MSFTEDIT.DLL, dwFlags : NONE
[] Writing raw Frida instrumentation to mspaint.exe-raw.log [] Writing Potential DLL Sideloading to mspaint.exe-sideload.log
[*] Writing dll results to dll_results.csv

COM Hijacking Identification

PS C:\Tools\WFH > python .\wfh.py -t “C:\Program Files\Internet Explorer\iexplore.exe” -m com
Running Frida against C:\Program Files\Internet Explorer\iexplore.exe
[+] Potential COM Hijack: Path : HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Classes\CLSID{0E5AAE11-A475-4C5B-AB00-C66DE400274E}\InProcServer32,lpValueName : null,Type : REG_EXPAND_SZ, Value : %SystemRoot%\system32\Windows.Storage.dll
[+] Potential COM Hijack: Path : HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\CLSID{1FD49718-1D00-4B19-AF5F-070AF6D5D54C}\InProcServer32,lpValueName : null,Type : REG_SZ, Value : C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft\Edge\Application\90.0.818.62\BHO\ie_to_edge_bho_64.dll
[] Writing raw Frida instrumentation to .\iexplore.exe-raw.log [] Writing Potential COM Hijack to .\iexplore.exe-comhijack.log
[*] Writing dll results to comhijack_results.csv

Use Cases

Native Windows Signed Binaries

Copy all native Windows signed binaries to wfh directory

Get-ChildItem c:\ -File | ForEach-Object { if($_ -match ‘.+?exe$’) {Get-AuthenticodeSignature $_.fullname} } | where {$_.IsOSBinary} | ForEach-Object {Copy-Item $_.path . }

Hunt for DLL sideloading opportunities

python wfh.py -t * -m dll

Hunt for COM hijacking opportunities

python wfh.py -t * -m com